The List of Holy Roman Emperors The Holy Roman Emperor (German: Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser,
or "Roman-German Kaiser") is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler, who as German King had in addition
received the title of "Emperor of the Romans" from the Pope of the Holy Roman Church, and after the 16th century,
the elected monarch governing the Holy Roman Empire, a Central European union of territories in existence during the Medieval
and Early Modern period. Charlemagne of the Carolingian Dynasty was the first to receive papal coronation as Emperor of the
Romans. Charles V was the last Holy Roman Emperor to be crowned by the Pope. 
The standard designation of the Holy Roman Emperor
was "August Emperor of the Romans" (Romanorum Imperator Augustus). When Charlemagne was crowned in 800, his was
styled as "most serene Augustus, crowned by God, great and pacific emperor, governing the Roman Empire," thus constituting
the elements of "Holy" and "Roman" in the imperial title. The word Holy had never been used as part of
that title in official documents. The word Roman was a reflection of the translatio imperii (transfer of rule) principle that
regarded the (Germanic) Holy Roman Emperors as the inheritors of the title of Emperor of the Western Roman Empire, a title
left unclaimed in the West after the death of Julius Nepos in 480.  The Emperor was crowned in a special ceremony,
traditionally performed by the Pope in Rome, using the Imperial Regalia. Without that coronation, no king, despite exercising
all powers, could call himself Emperor. In 1508, Pope Julius II allowed Maximilian I to use the title of Emperor without coronation
in Rome, though the title was qualified as Electus Romanorum Imperator ("elected Emperor of the Romans").
Maximilian's successors adopted the same titulature, usually when they became the sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. Maximilian's
first successor Charles V was the last to be crowned Emperor. The Carolingian Dynasty The House
of Guideschi | Image | Name | Life |
Coronation | Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Coin |
| Guy | 855
-
12 December 894 |
May 891 | 12 December 894 | great-great
grandson of Emperor Charles I |
|
| Lambert | 880
-
15 October 898 |
30 April 892 | 15 October 898 | son of Emperor Guy |
|
The Carolingian Dynasty | Image |
Name | Life | Coronation | Ceased
to be Emperor | Descent from
Emperor | Coin |
 | Arnulph | 850
-
8 December 899 |
22 February 896 | 8 December 899 | nephew of Charles III, great-grandson of Emperor Louis I |
|
The Bosonid Dynasty
| Image |
Name | Life | Coronation | Ceased
to be Emperor | Descent from
Emperor | Coin |
| Louis III | 880
-
28 June 928 |
22 February 901 | 21 July 905 | grandson of Emperor Louis II |
|
The Unruoching Dynasty
| Image |
Name | Life | Coronation | Ceased
to be Emperor | Descent from
Emperor | Coin |
| Berengar | 845
-
7 April 924 |
December 915 | 7 April 924 | grandson of Emperor Louis I | |
The Ottonian (Saxon) Dynasty
| Image |
Name | Life | Election | Coronation |
Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Arms |  | Otto I | 23 November 912
-
7 May
973 | - | 2 February 962 | 7 May 973 | perhaps
great-great-great grandson of Emperor Louis I | |
 | Otto II | 955
-
7 December 983 |
961 | 25 December 967 | 7
December 983 | son of Emperor Otto I | |
 | Otto III | 980
-
23 January 1002 |
June 983 | 21 May 996 | 23 January
1002 | son of Emperor Otto II | |
 | Henry II
| 6 May 973
-
13 July 1024 | 7 June 1002 |
14 February 1014 | 13 July 1024 | second-cousin of Emperor Otto III | |
The Salian (Frankish) Dynasty
| Image |
Name | Life | Election | Coronation |
Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Arms |  | Conrad II
| 990
-
4 June
1039 | 1024 | 26 March 1027 | 4 June 1039 | great-great-grandson of Emperor Otto I | |
 | Henry III | 29 October 1017
-
5 October
1056 | 1028 | 25 December 1046 | 5 October 1056 | son of Emperor Conrad II | |
 | Henry IV | 11 November 1050
-
7 August
1106 | 1053 | 31 March 1084 | December 1105 | son of Emperor Henry III | |
 | Henry V
| 8 November 1086
-
23 May 1125 | 6 January 1099 |
13 April 1111 | 23 May 1125 | son of Emperor Henry IV | |
The Supplinburger Dynasty
| Image |
Name | Life | Election | Coronation |
Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Arms |  | Lothair III
| 9 June 1075
-
4
December 1137 | 1125 |
4 June 1133 | 4 December 1137 |
| |
The Staufen (or Hohenstaufen) Dynasty
| Image |
Name | Life | Election | Coronation |
Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Arms |  | Frederick I | 1122
-
10 June 1190 |
4 March 1152 | 18 June 1155 | 10 June 1190 | great-grandson
of Emperor Henry IV |  |  | Henry VI | November 1165
-
28 September
1197 | ?April 1169 |
14 April 1191 | 28 September 1197 | son of Emperor Frederick I | | The House
of Welf | Image | Name | Life |
Election | Coronation | Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Arms |
 | Otto IV | 1175 or 1176
-
19 May
1218 | 9 June 1198 |
4 October 1209 | 1215 | great-grandson
of Emperor Lothair III |  | The Staufen
(or Hohenstaufen) Dynasty | Image | Name |
Life | Election | Coronation |
Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Arms |  | Frederick II | 26 December 1194
-
13
December 1250 | 1196
1215 re-election |
22 November 1220 | 13 December 1250 | son of Emperor Henry VI | | The House
of Luxembourg | Image | Name |
Life | Election | Coronation |
Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Arms |  | Henry VII | 1275/1279
-
24 August
1313 | 1308 | 29 June 1312 | 24 August 1313 | distant |
 | The House
of Wittelsbach | Image | Name |
Life | Election | Coronation |
Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Arms |  | Louis IV | 1 April 1282
-
11 October
1347 | October 1314 |
17 January 1328 | 11 October 1347 | sixth generation descendant of Emperor Lothair III |  | The House
of Luxembourg | Image | Name |
Life | Election | Coronation |
Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Arms |  | Charles IV | 14 May 1316
-
29 November
1378 | 11 July 1346/
17 June 1349
re-election | 5 April 1355 |
29 November 1378 | grandson of Emperor Henry VII |  |  | Sigismund | 14 February 1368
-
9 December
1437 | 10 September 1410/
21 July
1411 re-election | 31 May 1433 |
9 December 1437 | son of Emperor Charles IV | | The
House of Habsburg The
House of Wittelsbach | Image | Name | Life |
Election | Coronation | Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Arms |
 | Charles VII
| 6 August 1697
-
20 January 1745 | 24 January 1742 |
12 February 1742 | 20 January 1745 | great-great grandson of Emperor Ferdinand II |  | The
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
|
SACRI ROMANI IMPERII NOBILIUM ORDO 
The Imperial Order
and Council of Nobility 
